1. ConstraintLayout:
   • This is the most flexible and powerful layout in Android.
   • It allows you to create large, complex layouts with a flat view hierarchy (no nested view groups).
   • Elements are positioned using constraints relative to other elements or the parent layout.
   • It supports drag-and-drop in the Android Studio layout editor, making it easier to design UIs visually.
   • Key features: chains, barriers, guidelines, and the ability to constrain elements by percentage.
2. LinearLayout:
   • Arranges its children in a single row or column.
   • The orientation is set using android:orientation="vertical" or "horizontal".
   • In vertical orientation, children are stacked top to bottom.
   • In horizontal orientation, children are arranged left to right.
   • You can use android:weight to distribute space among children proportionally.
3. RelativeLayout:
   • Positions child views relative to each other or to the parent layout.
   • You can specify relationships like "to the right of," "below," "aligned to top," etc.
   • It's more flexible than LinearLayout but less powerful than ConstraintLayout.
   • It can lead to deeply nested layouts for complex UIs, which can impact performance.
4. match_parent and wrap_content:
   • These are not layouts, but rather values for the layout_width and layout_height attributes.
   • match_parent: The view will be as big as its parent in that dimension (minus padding).
   • wrap_content: The view will be only as big as needed to fit its content in that dimension.

Additional important layouts:

5. FrameLayout:
   • The simplest layout. It's designed to hold one child view, although it can hold multiple.
   • Children are stacked on top of each other, with the last added child on top.
   • Useful for fragments, or as a base for custom views.
6. ScrollView and HorizontalScrollView:
   • These are container layouts that allow their content to be scrolled.
   • ScrollView scrolls vertically and can only have one direct child (usually a LinearLayout).
   • HorizontalScrollView scrolls horizontally.
7. GridLayout:
   • Places its children in a rectangular grid of rows and columns.
   • More flexible than TableLayout, as it allows views to span multiple rows or columns.
8. CoordinatorLayout:
   • A FrameLayout that allows for advanced coordination between its children.
   • Often used for scrolling and animating UI elements in material design apps.
   • Supports floating action buttons, swipe-to-refresh, and other interactive behaviors.

When deciding which layout to use:

• ConstraintLayout is generally recommended for complex UIs due to its flexibility and performance.
• LinearLayout is great for simple, linear arrangements of views.
• RelativeLayout can be useful for medium-complexity layouts, but ConstraintLayout is often a better choice.
• Always consider performance: deeply nested layouts can slow down your app, especially on lower-end devices.